I read the paper, and they actually don't get that far. The paper's about getting these new bases into the cell and having them be replicated when the cells multiply (and not get discarded by the cell's DNA proofreading machinery). They haven't even yet gotten to the stage where the new bases are transcribed into RNA, much less translated into proteins. Really cool paper, though, and I'm sure they're working on those next steps.
I'm a genetics researcher and I've generally been really impressed with the science on this show. I got way too excited back in season 1 when Cosima said she does evo devo (for evolutionary and developmental biology) - that's totally what people actually call it, and it's the kind of little detail that most shows would never bother to get right.
